Why should COD and ammonia nitrogen be measured for online monitoring of corporate sewage?

Enterprises with pollutant discharge exceeding a certain level will be listed as 'key pollutant discharge units'; for key pollutant discharge units, there will be corresponding types of automatic monitoring (online monitoring) installation requirements; among them, key water discharge enterprises in general industries are required to install COD and ammonia nitrogen items, as well as pH and flow. A brief summary: the period of standardization of sewage outlets began as early as 1996 when the State Environmental Protection Administration began to promote the standardization of sewage outlets and issued the 'Technical Requirements for Standardized Treatment of Sewage Outlets (Trial)' [1]. It is a convenient setting for monitoring such as installing a metering tank. In 1999, the State Environmental Protection Administration's 'Notice on Carrying out Standardized Treatment of Discharge Outlets' has proposed that 'the standardized discharge outlets of key pollutant discharge units should install metering devices and pollution control facility recorders, and create conditions to establish a computer monitoring network.' Remaining installation conditions - this was already 20 years ago, and the establishment of an online monitoring network has been promoted. Note that the concept of 'key pollutant discharge unit' has already existed at this time. According to the standardization requirements of sewage outlets, enterprises with wastewater discharges greater than 100 tons/day or CODcr emissions greater than 30 kg/day must install sewage outlet signs, open channels, flow meters and CODcr online monitoring devices. The 2008 version of the 'Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China' during the period of key pollutant-discharging units basically inherited this provision, and made it clear that the list should be determined by the environmental protection department 'according to the environmental capacity of the administrative region, the requirements of the total discharge control indicators of key water pollutants and Factors such as the type, quantity, and concentration of water pollutants discharged by pollutant-discharging units shall be determined by relevant departments at the same level.' In 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the 'Regulations on the List of Key Pollutant Discharging Units (Trial)' [2], which made new changes to the determination of the list. According to the detailed regulations, 'the annual discharge of one or several major pollutants in wastewater is greater than the screening discharge standard set by the environmental protection department of a city divided into districts', and the total amount shall not be less than 65% of the total industrial pollutant discharge in the administrative area. %. This is the main standard for key pollutant discharge units at present. The General Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the 'Notice on Accelerating the Automatic Monitoring of Key Pollutant Discharge Units in Key Industries and Key Areas' in 2017 [3], for steel, thermal power, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, papermaking, printing and dyeing, sewage treatment plants, nitrogen and phosphorus Key pollutant discharge units such as key discharge industries, chemical enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and sewage treatment plants in chemical parks shall determine the content of the installation in accordance with the industry's pollutant discharge standards and installation technical requirements. The Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the 'Notice on Strengthening the Automatic Monitoring and Construction of Key Pollutant Discharging Units' [4] in 2018, and key pollutant discharging units must complete the installation and networking before the end of 2018. For units that have issued a sewage discharge permit, install them according to the requirements of the permit, and other units install COD, ammonia nitrogen, flow, and pH parameters. Included in the 2018 'Notice on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution from Stationary Pollution Sources' [5], industries such as fertilizer manufacturing and pesticide manufacturing, as well as enterprises in key industries with nitrogen and phosphorus emissions such as centralized sewage treatment facilities and large-scale livestock and poultry farms, must install Total nitrogen and total phosphorus monitoring. If conditions permit, heavy metal monitoring can also be installed.
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