what is water quality monitoring and surveillance

Water is an essential element for life, and people use it for various purposes daily. However, the availability of clean and safe water is becoming a challenge worldwide. In recent years, the deterioration of water quality became a significant concern due to pollution from human activities, climate change, and natural phenomenon. Water quality monitoring and surveillance are the essential tools to establish an understanding of water quality and management systems. This article discusses what water quality monitoring and surveillance mean, their importance, and their benefits to society.

What is water quality monitoring and surveillance?

Water quality monitoring and surveillance is a process of measuring and analyzing physical, chemical, and biological parameters of water to determine its quality. The primary objective is to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption, aquatic organisms, and other environmental uses. The process involves collecting samples from water sources, which are then subjected to various laboratory tests and analysis.

Why is water quality monitoring and surveillance important?

Water is a vital resource, and its quality is essential for all living creatures. Water quality monitoring and surveillance play a significant role in ensuring that the water is safe and fit for various purposes. Some of the reasons why water quality monitoring and surveillance are important include:

1. Human health protection

Waterborne diseases are a significant public health concern, especially in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. Monitoring water quality helps identify potential health risks associated with drinking water, preparing food, or swimming and bathing in contaminated water.

2. Aquatic life protection

Aquatic life, including fish, reptiles, and amphibians, depends on the water for survival. Water pollution may lower the quality of the environment and affect these creatures' health and behavior. Monitoring the water quality helps protect aquatic life by identifying, controlling, and preventing pollution.

3. Ecosystem balance

Water systems, including streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, support various ecosystems. Monitoring water quality helps maintain the ecological balance by identifying and controlling human activities that affect the environment negatively.

4. Economic benefits

Clean and safe water is vital for economic growth, particularly in agriculture, tourism, and recreation. Monitoring water quality helps protect these industries by ensuring that the water quality meets the standards required for their activities.

5. Legal compliance

Monitoring water quality is a legal requirement in many countries, and organizations must comply with the environmental regulations. Failing to comply with the regulations may result in penalties and legal action.

Benefits of water quality monitoring and surveillance

Water quality monitoring and surveillance have numerous benefits to society. Some of these benefits include:

1. Early detection of contamination

Regular monitoring of water quality helps identify contaminants early, preventing them from spreading to other water sources. Early detection can help prevent waterborne diseases, safeguard aquatic life, and protect ecosystems.

2. Accurate data for decision making

Accurate and reliable water quality data is necessary for decision-making by policymakers, scientists, and other stakeholders. Monitoring water quality helps generate data that can inform policies and management strategies for water use.

3. Risk management

Monitoring water quality helps identify risks and potential hazards associated with water use. This knowledge helps in risk management by developing strategies to mitigate or prevent contamination.

4. Public awareness

Education and awareness campaigns about water quality are crucial for promoting the responsible use and management of water resources. Monitoring water quality helps raise public awareness about the importance of clean water and the need to protect it.

5. Improved water management

Effective water management is essential for ensuring the sustainability of water resources. Monitoring water quality helps identify areas that need improvement, leading to more efficient water management systems.

Conclusion

Water quality monitoring and surveillance are critical processes that help maintain clean and safe water for various purposes. Regular monitoring helps in early detection of contamination, accurate data for decision making, risk management, public awareness, and improved water management. It is essential for policymakers, scientists, and other stakeholders to work together to ensure that water resources remain safe and sustainable for all.